ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.394 ICT Use in Schools and Students’ Non-Cognitive Skills

　Over the past few decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been increasingly integrated in the classroom. Using student panel data and administrative data on ICT use in schools, we analyze whether the increased ICT use in schools relates to students’ non-cognitive skills. Fixed effects estimations show that the introduction and use of ICT in the classroom are likely to change students’ self-efficacy and grit, but the effects vary by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Overall, the findings attest to the importance of addressing the heterogeneous effects of ICT on students, in order to optimize its use for their personal development.